The sea anemone peptides also interact with Kv1 heteromers present in rat brain membranes. While BgK blocks Kv1.1,1.2 and 1.3 homomeric channels almost equipotently at 6–15 nM concentrations, ShK blocks Kv1.1 and 1.3 channels at very low (20–100 pM) concentrations and Kv1.2 at a much higher (>10 nM) concentration. The NMR-derived solution structures of ShK and BgK toxins are similar in that two short alpha-helices are present, in contrast to the predominantly beta-sheet structures found in scorpion toxins. The covalent structures of these toxins display no homology with the scorpion K toxins and their disulfide bonding pattern is also different. The two most thoroughly investigated members of this toxin group are ShK and BgK.
So far, four homologous `short' toxins possessing 35–37 residues and 3 disulfide bonds have been isolated and sequenced. This paper aims to review the existing data on this subject, taking into account the possible utilization of identified compounds.Ī new class of K channel peptide toxin has been found in sea anemones. Over the past few decades several studies have explored the antimicrobial/antibiotic properties of cnidarian extracts with the aim of isolating compounds possessing useful therapeutic features. In this connection, cnidarians occupy a pre-eminent role. Aquatic organisms are known to be a source of compounds having the potential to play a role in fighting the battle against pathogenic microbes. The current alarming rise in cases of antibiotic-resistance has forced biomedical researchers to explore new ways to recognize and/or produce new antimicrobials or to find other approaches for existing therapeutics. The discovery of antibiotics, and the subsequent development of synthetic antimicrobial compounds, altered our therapeutic approach towards infectious diseases, and improved the quality and length of life for humans and other organisms. The ability of microbes to counter the scientific and therapeutic advancements achieved during the second half of the twentieth century to provide effective disease treatments is currently a significant challenge for researchers in biology and medicine. nigrescens may also contain some biologically active agents which have potential activity against pathogenic microorganisms. Slight activity was observed in the water extract with inhibition zone of 1.5 mm.Ĭonclusions: The present study revealed that sea anemone A. nigrescens showed activity against all of pathogens tested. In antifungal activity, ethanol extract showed good activity against Botrytis cinerea, Trichoderma harzianum and Rhizopus oryzae compared with other strains.
Results: Acetone extract was found to produce a pronounced inhibition of 7.0 mm against Proteus vulgaris and diethyl ether extract inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an inhibition zone of 6.5 mm. These fractions were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. nigrescens was collected, minced, homogenized, lyophilized and then further partitioned with diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol and water. Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the aqueous and partitioned extract of sea anemone Anthopleura nigrescens (A. Estos resultados podrían estar asociados con una concentración sub-lítica de otra familia de proteínas las cuales alteran el equilibrio osmótico y cambian el volumen de las células, sin un efecto letal a las concentraciones ensayadas. El extracto crudo reveló la existencia de una banda de proteína alrededor de 30 kDa por SDS-PAGE, no se encontró banda características de actinoporinas en A. Interesantemente, los resultados de HA no mostraron rompimiento de los eritrocitos, sin embargo hubo un incremento de la absorbancia en función del tiempo. El mismo fue caracterizado a través de una evaluación de su actividad hemolítica (HA) con glóbulos rojos de sangre humana (RBC).
El material biológico fue colectado, triturado, homogenizado y posteriormente centrifugado para la obtención del extracto crudo. Este estudio fue llevado a cabo para evaluar la actividad hemolítica del extracto crudo de la anémona marina Aiptasia pallida en Costa Rica. Más específicamente, alrededor de 32 especies de anémonas marinas han sido reportadas como productoras de péptidos y proteínas citolíticas. El filo Cnidaria incluye organismos considerados dentro de los más venenosos en la naturaleza.
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